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Old Knowledge Base
  • Knowledge Base
    • Getting to know us
  • Where to Buy
    • Become a Sponsor
    • Heathen License Agreement
  • General
    • ๐Ÿ”ŽTable of Contents
    • ๐ŸคฉGetting Started
      • Indie Check List
      • Sourcing Resources
        • ๐Ÿง™โ€โ™‚๏ธCommunity
        • ๐Ÿงžโ€โ™‚๏ธManaged Services
        • ๐Ÿ“ฃMarketing
        • ๐ŸงชTesting
    • ๐ŸงžTips and Tricks
      • Fundamentals
        • Development Phases
      • Unity
        • Package Manager Installs
          • Missing asset after update
        • Unity Release Version
      • Unreal
        • Unity to Unreal
        • Quick Start
    • ๐Ÿ“Design
      • โ˜๏ธQuick Start
      • ๐ŸฅพBootstraping
      • ๐Ÿค‘Monetization
        • What not to do
        • Models
          • Free
          • Free to Play
          • Pay to Play
          • Pay to Win
          • Play to Earn
        • Tools
          • ๐Ÿ˜กArtificial Scarcity
          • ๐Ÿค‘Bundles
          • ๐Ÿค”Community Marketplace
          • ๐Ÿค‘Expansions
          • ๐Ÿ˜กFear of Missing Out (FOMO)
          • ๐Ÿ˜กGatcha Mechanics
          • ๐Ÿค”Microtransactions (MTX)
          • ๐Ÿ˜กNFT
            • ๐Ÿ˜กBlockchain
          • ๐Ÿค”No Spend Cap
          • ๐Ÿ˜กPremium Currency
          • ๐Ÿค”Season
          • ๐Ÿค‘Subscription
          • ๐Ÿ˜กSurprise Mechanics
      • ๐ŸŽฎMultiplayer
        • Networking Tools
        • Terminology
      • ๐ŸคนMulti-Scene Architecture
      • ๐ŸŒProject Architecture
      • ๐Ÿ˜ŠPlayer Motivation
    • ๐Ÿ—๏ธDevelopment
      • โ˜๏ธQuick Start
      • โ˜Ž๏ธCallbacks & Delegates
      • โ”Conditional Compilation
      • ๐ŸชณDebugging
      • ๐ŸšงDevOps
        • โ˜•Team Collaboration
        • ๐Ÿ›‚Git Control & Unity
      • โ‰๏ธError Handling
        • System Dialog
        • Reporting
      • ๐ŸคฏIntelliSense
      • ๐ŸชถLambda Expressions
      • ๐Ÿคนโ€โ™€๏ธMulti Platform Projects
      • ๐Ÿ“‘Namespace and Using
      • ๐ŸŽฎUnity's "New" Input System
      • ๐Ÿ”ผUpdating Visual Studio and C#
      • ๐Ÿ’กVisual Scripting
    • โš ๏ธPublishers
    • ๐ŸงชTesting
      • ๐Ÿ‘‹Introduction
      • โœ๏ธWriting Formal Tests
    • ๐Ÿง™โ€โ™‚๏ธCommunity
      • โ˜๏ธQuick Start
    • ๐Ÿ“ฃMarketing
      • โ˜๏ธQuick Start
      • ๐Ÿ“ŒTips and Tactics
      • ๐Ÿค“Market Research
    • ๐Ÿ“†Release
    • ๐Ÿ—บ๏ธLive
  • Steam
    • โ˜๏ธQuick Start
    • ๐Ÿ†Achievements
    • ๐ŸŒณBranches
    • ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธCommunity Hub
    • โฌ†๏ธUploading to Steam
    • โ˜๏ธCloud Save
    • ๐Ÿ†”CSteamID
    • ๐Ÿ”ŽDiscovery Queue
    • ๐Ÿ•น๏ธDownloadable Content
    • ๐ŸšซEarly Access
    • ๐Ÿ–ฑ๏ธInput
    • ๐Ÿ“ฆInventory
      • ๐Ÿ”จCrafting System
      • ๐Ÿ› ๏ธItem Definition Tools
      • ๐Ÿ’ธMicrotransactions
      • ๐ŸŽPromo Items
    • ๐ŸšขLaunch
    • ๐Ÿฅ‡Leaderboards
      • ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธAdvanced Profiles
    • ๐ŸŽฎMultiplayer
      • โ˜๏ธGetting Started
      • ๐ŸงชDev and Test
      • ๐Ÿง‘โ€โš–๏ธAuthentication
      • ๐Ÿ›‹๏ธLobby
      • ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿคโ€๐Ÿง‘Matchmaking
      • ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿ”งRich Presence
      • ๐Ÿ’ฌRoom Systems
      • ๐Ÿ’Steam Game Server
        • ๐Ÿ‘ทBuilds
        • โš™๏ธConfiguration
        • ๐Ÿ“‹Server Browser
        • ๐ŸงSetup Linux
      • ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธTerminology
    • ๐ŸคนMulti-Platform Project
    • ๐ŸงชPlaytest
    • ๐Ÿ›‹๏ธRemote Play
    • ๐Ÿ‘€Reviews
    • ๐ŸƒRunning a Build
    • ๐Ÿ’ถSales
    • โญStats
    • ๐Ÿ”‘Steam API Key
    • ๐Ÿ“ƒsteam_appid.txt
    • ๐Ÿ–ฅ๏ธSteam Deck
    • โš™๏ธSteamworks
    • ๐ŸคฏStore Page
    • ๐Ÿ› ๏ธWorkshop
      • Creating an Item
      • In-Game Browser
      • Subscribed Items
    • ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐ŸซUser Information
      • Unity User Tools
      • Unreal User Tools
    • ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธVoice
  • Toolkit for Steamworks
    • Introduction
    • Maintenance Cycle
    • F.A.Q
    • Unity
      • โš ๏ธKnown Issues
      • Unity Asset Refund Policy
      • Installation
        • Networking Integrations
      • Getting Started
      • Debugging
      • Learning
      • API Extensions
        • App.Client
        • App.Server
        • App.Web
        • Authentication
        • BigPicture.Client
        • Clans.Client
        • Friends.Client
        • Input.Client
        • Inventory.Client
        • Leaderboards.Client
        • Matchmaking.Client
        • Overlay.Client
        • Parties.Client
        • RemotePlay.Client
        • RemoteStorage.Client
        • Screenshots.Client
        • StatsAndAchievements.Client
        • StatsAndAchievements.Server
        • User.Client
        • UserGeneratedContent.Client
        • Utilities
        • Utilities.Client
        • Voice.Client
      • Objects
        • Classes
          • Achievement Data
          • Achievement Object
          • App Data
          • Authentication Session
          • Authentication Ticket
          • Avg Rate Stat
          • Chat Room
          • Clan Chat Msg
          • Clan Data
          • Currency
          • Data Model
          • DLC Data
          • Downloadable Content Object
          • Favorite Game
          • Float Stat
          • Game Data
          • Input Action
          • Input Action Data
          • Input Action Set
          • Input Action Set Data
          • Input Action Set Layer
          • Input Action Update
          • Input Controller Data
          • Int Stat
          • Inventory Result
          • Item Data
          • Item Definition
          • Item Detail
          • Leaderboard Data
          • Leaderboard Entry
          • Leaderboard Object
          • Lobby Chat Msg
          • Lobby Data
          • Lobby Game Server
          • Lobby Member Data
          • Party Beacon Details
          • Rank Change
          • Remote Storage File
          • Stat Data
          • Steam Game Server Configuration
          • UGC Query
          • User Data
          • Steam Settings
            • Colors
            • Game Client
              • Inventory Settings
            • Game Server
          • User Leave Data
          • Workshop Item
          • Workshop Item Data
          • Workshop Item Data Create Status
          • Workshop Item Key Value Tag
          • Workshop Item Preview File
        • Components
          • Friend Manager
          • Game Server Browser Manager
          • Input Action Event
          • Input Action Glyph
          • Input Action Name
          • Inventory Manager
          • Item Shopping Cart Manager
          • Leaderboard Manager
          • Leaderboard User Entry
          • Overlay Manager
          • Steam Game Server Events
          • Steam Input Manager
          • Steamworks Event Triggers
          • UGC Query Manager
          • Voice Recorder
          • Voice Stream
        • Enums
          • Friend Dialog
          • Inventory Item Type
          • Language Codes
          • Overlay Dialog
          • Sample Rate Method
          • Valve Price Categories
        • Prefabs
          • ๐Ÿ“ฆClan Chat
          • ๐Ÿ“ฆClan List
          • ๐Ÿ“ฆClan Member Count
          • ๐Ÿ“ฆFriend Avatar
          • ๐Ÿ“ฆFriend Groups
          • ๐Ÿ“ฆFriend List
          • ๐Ÿ“ฆFriend Name
          • ๐Ÿ“ฆFriend Profile
          • ๐Ÿ“ฆSelectable Friend ID
        • Programming Tools
          • IChatMessage
          • ILeaderboardEntryDisplay
          • IUserProfile
          • IWorkshopBrowserItemTemplate
          • LobbyMemberSlot
          • User Invite Button
        • UI Components
          • Chat Auto Join
          • Chat Stream
          • Clan Chat Director
          • Clan Chat Member Counter
          • Clan Chat Member List
          • Clan List
          • Clan Profile
          • Friend Group
          • Friend Groups Display
          • Friend Invite Dropdown
          • Friend List
          • Friend Profile
            • Image Field
            • Message Options
            • Text Field
          • Input Action Glyph
          • Input Action Name
          • Leaderboard Entry UI Record
          • Leaderboard UI List
          • Lobby Chat Director
          • Lobby Member Slot
          • Lobby Manager
          • Party Lobby Control
          • Quick Match Lobby Control
          • Rich Presence Reader
          • Rich Presence Setter
          • Set Achievement Description
          • Set Achievement Icon
          • Set Achievement Name
          • Set User Avatar
          • Set User Id Input Field
          • Set User Id Label
          • Set User Name
          • Toggle Event Helper
          • Workshop Browser Simple Item Record
      • Legacy
        • Troubleshooting
        • Getting Started
          • GameObject Initialization
          • ScriptableObject Initialization
          • API Initialization
        • Build Upload Tool
        • Debugging Tools
          • Testing
        • Components
          • Steamworks Behaviour
          • Steamworks Creator
          • Steam System Events
    • Unreal
      • What's New!
      • Installation
      • Getting Started
      • Updating Steamworks SDK
      • Packaging
      • Game Instance
      • Sockets Net Driver
      • Online Subsystem
      • Data Assets
        • Achievement
        • Downloadable Content
        • Inventory Item
        • Leaderboard
        • Stat
      • Widgets
        • BP_FriendsListDisplay
        • BP_FriendsListEntry
        • BP_FriendsListGroup
        • BP_SteamAvatarImage
        • BP_SteamUserName
      • Blueprint Nodes
        • Functions
          • ๐Ÿ”ตAdd Favorite Game
          • ๐Ÿ”ตAdd History Game
          • ๐Ÿ”ตAdd Promo Item
          • ๐Ÿ”ตAdd Request Lobby List Filter
          • ๐Ÿ”ตAdvertise Game
          • ๐Ÿ”ตAssociate with Clan
          • ๐Ÿ”ตAttach Leaderboard UGC
          • ๐Ÿ”ตBegin Auth Session
          • ๐Ÿ”ตCancel Auth Ticket
          • ๐Ÿ”ตCheck Result Steam ID
          • ๐Ÿ”ตClear All Key Values
          • ๐Ÿ”ตClear Achievement
          • ๐Ÿ”ตClear Rich Presence
          • ๐Ÿ”ตClient Initialize
          • ๐Ÿ”ตClient Run Callbacks
          • ๐Ÿ”ตClient Should Restart
          • ๐Ÿ”ตCompue New Player Compatibility
          • ๐Ÿ”ตConsume Item
          • ๐Ÿ”ตCreate Lobby
          • ๐Ÿ”ตDecompress Voice
          • ๐Ÿ”ตDelete Lobby Data
          • ๐Ÿ”ตDeserialize Result
          • ๐Ÿ”ตDestroy Result
          • ๐Ÿ”ตDownload Leaderboard Entries
          • ๐Ÿ”ตDownload Leaderboard Entries for Users
          • ๐Ÿ”ตEnd Auth Session
          • ๐Ÿ”ตExchange Items
          • ๐Ÿ”ตFind Leaderboard
          • ๐Ÿ”ตFind or Create Leaderboard
          • ๐Ÿ“‚Game Server Browser
            • ๐Ÿ”ตPing Server
            • ๐Ÿ”ตPlayer Details
            • ๐Ÿ”ตRequest Server List
            • ๐Ÿ”ตServer Rules
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGenerate Items
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Achievement
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Achievement by Index
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Achievement Icon
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Achievement Is Achieved
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet All Items
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet App Build ID
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet App Id
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet App Owner
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Auth Session Ticket
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Auth Ticket for Web API
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Available Game Languages
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Available Voice
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Coplay Friends
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Current Beta Name
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Current Game Language
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet DLC Count
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet DLC Data By Index
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet DLC Download Progress
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Earliest Purchase
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Favorite Game
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Friends
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Friend Coplay Game
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Friend Coplay Time
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Friend Count from Source
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Friend Game Played
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Friend Groups
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Friend Group Members
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Friend Group Name
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Friend Persona Name
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Followed
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Installed Depots
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Item Definition Properties
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Item Price
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Items with Price
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Items by ID
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Launch Command Line
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Launch Query Param
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Leaderboard Display Type
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Leaderboard Entry Count
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Leaderboard Name
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Leaderboard Sort Method
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Lobby Chat Entry
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Lobby Data
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Lobby Data by Index
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Lobby Game Server
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Lobby Members
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Lobby Member by Index
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Lobby Member Data
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Lobby Member Limit
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Lobby Owner
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Most Achieved Achievement Info
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet My Steam Avatar
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet My Steam ID
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet My Steam Level
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Num Items with Price
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Persona Name
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Persona State
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Player Nickname
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Public IP
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Result Item Property
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Result Items
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Result Status
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Result Timestamp
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Stat
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Steam ID
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet User Achievement
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet User Float Stat
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet User Int Stat
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet User Restrictions
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Rich Presence
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet User Rich Presence
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet User Rich Presence Key by Index
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet User Steam Avatar
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Voice
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGet Voice Optimal Sample Rate
          • ๐Ÿ”ตGrant Promo Items
          • ๐Ÿ”ตHas Friend
          • ๐Ÿ”ตId is Me
          • ๐Ÿ”ตId is Valid
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIndicate Achievement Progress
          • ๐Ÿ”ตInstall DLC
          • ๐Ÿ”ตInvite User To Game
          • ๐Ÿ”ตInvite User to Lobby
          • ๐Ÿ”ตInitialize
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs App Installed
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Behind NAT
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Cybercafe
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs DLC Installed
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Lobby Owner
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Low Violence
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Phone Identifying
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Phone Requiring Verification
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Phone Verified
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Steam Initialized
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Subscribed
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Subscribed App
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Subscribed from Family Sharing
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Subscribed from Free Weekend
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Timed Trial
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs Two Factor Enabled
          • ๐Ÿ”ตIs VAC Banned
          • ๐Ÿ”ตJoin Lobby
          • ๐Ÿ”ตLeave Lobby
          • ๐Ÿ”ตLoad Item Definitions
          • ๐Ÿ”ตLogged On
          • ๐Ÿ”ตLog Off
          • ๐Ÿ”ตLog On
          • ๐Ÿ”ตLog On Anonymous
          • ๐Ÿ”ตMark Content Corrupt
          • ๐Ÿ”ตQuick Match
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRemove Favorite Game
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRemove History Game
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRemove Property
          • ๐Ÿ”ตReply to Friend Message
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRequest Current Stats
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRequest Eligible Promo Item Definitions IDs
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRequest Friend Rich Presence
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRequest Lobby Data
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRequest Lobby List
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRequest Prices
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRequest Store Auth URL
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRequest User Group Status
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRequest User Information
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRequest User Stats
          • ๐Ÿ”ตReset All Stats
          • ๐Ÿ”ตRun Callbacks
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSecure
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSend Lobby Chat
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSerialize Result
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Achievement
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Advertise Server Active
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Bot Player Count
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Dedicated Server
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Description
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Game Data
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Game Tags
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet In-Game Voice Speaking
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Key Value
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Map Name
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Listen for Friends Messages
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Lobby Data
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Lobby Game Server
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Lobby Joinable
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Lobby Member Data
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Lobby Member Limit
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Lobby Owner
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Lobby Type
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Max Player Count
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Mod Directory Name
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Name
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Password Protected
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Persona Name
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Played with User
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Product
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Property
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Region
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Rich Presence
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Stats
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Spectator Name
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet Spectator Port
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet User Achievement
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet User Float Stat
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSet User Int Stat
          • ๐Ÿ”ตShutdown
          • ๐Ÿ”ตStart Purchase
          • ๐Ÿ”ตStart Update Property
          • ๐Ÿ”ตStart Voice Recording
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSteam ID Tools
          • ๐Ÿ”ตStop Voice Recording
          • ๐Ÿ”ตStore Stats
          • ๐Ÿ”ตStore User Stats
          • ๐Ÿ”ตSubmit Update Property
          • ๐Ÿ”ตTransfer Item Quantity
          • ๐Ÿ”ตTrigger Item Drop
          • ๐Ÿ”ตUninstall DLC
          • ๐Ÿ”ตUpdate Avg Rate Stat
          • ๐Ÿ”ตUpdate User Avg Rate Stat
          • ๐Ÿ”ตUpload Leaderboard Score
          • ๐Ÿ”ตUser Has License for App
          • ๐Ÿ”ตWas Restart Requested
        • Events
          • ๐Ÿ”ปDlc Installed
          • ๐Ÿ”ปFriend Chat Msg
          • ๐Ÿ”ปFriend Rich Presence Update
          • ๐Ÿ”ปGame Overlay Activated
          • ๐Ÿ”ปInventory Item Definition Update
          • ๐Ÿ”ปInventory Results Ready
          • ๐Ÿ”ปLobby Chat Msg
          • ๐Ÿ”ปLobby Chat Update
          • ๐Ÿ”ปLobby Data Update
          • ๐Ÿ”ปLobby Game Created
          • ๐Ÿ”ปLobby Join Requested
          • ๐Ÿ”ปMicro Txn Authorization Response
          • ๐Ÿ”ปPersona State Change
          • ๐Ÿ”ปRich Presence Join Requested
          • ๐Ÿ”ปServers Connected
          • ๐Ÿ”ปServer Connect Failure
          • ๐Ÿ”ปServer Disconnected
          • ๐Ÿ”ปTicket for Web API Response
        • Types
          • ๐ŸŸฉAchievement Status
          • ๐ŸŸฉAuth Ticket Data
          • ๐ŸŸฉChat Entry
          • ๐ŸŸฉDecompress Voice Result
          • ๐ŸŸฉFloat Stat
          • ๐ŸŸฉGame Server Item Wrapper
          • ๐ŸŸฉGame Server Player Details Wrapper
          • ๐ŸŸฉGlobal Achievement Status
          • ๐ŸŸฉItem Count
          • ๐ŸŸฉItem Detail
          • ๐ŸŸฉItem Detail With Properties
          • ๐ŸŸฉItem Price
          • ๐ŸŸฉItem With Price
          • ๐ŸŸฉInt Stat
          • ๐ŸŸฉKey Value Pair
          • ๐ŸŸฉLeaderboard Entry
          • ๐ŸŸฉLobby Data
          • ๐ŸŸฉLobby Game Server
          • ๐ŸŸฉServer Achievement Status
          • ๐ŸŸฉServer Stat Float Value
          • ๐ŸŸฉServer Stat Int Value
          • ๐ŸŸฉUser Achievement Status
          • ๐ŸŸฉVoice Result
          • ๐ŸŸฉVoice Available Result
        • Enumerators
          • ๐ŸŸจUEBeginAuthSessionResult
          • ๐ŸŸจUEChatRoomEnterResponse
          • ๐ŸŸจUEFriendFlags
          • ๐ŸŸจUEChatEntryType
          • ๐ŸŸจUEChatMemberStateChange
          • ๐ŸŸจUELeaderboardDataRequest
          • ๐ŸŸจUELeaderboardDisplayType
          • ๐ŸŸจUELeaderboardSortMethod
          • ๐ŸŸจUELobbyComparison
          • ๐ŸŸจUELobbyDistanceFilter
          • ๐ŸŸจUELobbyType
          • ๐ŸŸจUEResult
          • ๐ŸŸจUESteamCurrencyCode
          • ๐ŸŸจUEServerMode
          • ๐ŸŸจUEUserHasLicenseForAppResult
          • ๐ŸŸจUEVoiceResult
      • C++
  • Toolkit for Physics
    • Unity
      • Installation
      • Core Features
        • Ballistics Tools
        • Buoyancy Tools
        • Force Effect Framework
        • Physics Data extended
        • Verlet Integration
      • Sample Scenes
        • Fantasy Style Ballistic Simulation
        • (3D) Deterministic Bounce Prediction
        • (2D) Deterministic Bounce Prediction
        • 1 Buoyancy Example
        • 1 Force Effect Fields
        • 2 Spherical Gravity
        • 3 Multi-body Gravity
        • 1 Verlet Spring Simple Transforms
        • 2 Verlet Spring Skinned Mesh
      • API
        • Ballistics
        • Buoyancy
        • Force Effects
        • Maths
        • Mesh Tools
      • Components
        • Ballistic Aim
        • Ballistic Path Line Render
        • Ballistic Path Follow
        • Buoyant Body
        • Buoyant Body Drag
        • Constant Acceleration
        • Constant Angular Velocity
        • Constant Linear Velocity
        • Force Effect Source
          • Force Effect Direction
          • Force Effect Field
        • Force Effect Reciever
        • Physics Data
        • Surface Tool
        • Trick Shot
        • Trick Shot Line
        • Verlet Spring
      • Objects
        • Force Effect
          • Attract Effect
          • Gravity Effect
          • Repulse Effect
          • Suspend Effect
          • Tractor Effect
          • Wind Effect
        • Point Volume
        • Verlet Hierarchy
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On this page
  • Introduction
  • Game Instance
  • Game Mode
  • Game State
  • Player State
  • HUD
  • Pawn & Controller
  • Default Pawn Class
  • Default Player Controller
  • AI
  • Behaviour Tree
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  • Environment Query
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  • Input Mapping Context
  1. General
  2. Tips and Tricks
  3. Unreal

Quick Start

PreviousUnity to UnrealNextDesign

Last updated 10 months ago

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Introduction

This article will in-a-nut-shell key features and concepts of the Unreal engine to help developers get a quick understanding of the engine's fundamental features. This is not meant to be a deep dive on anything just a bullet list with notes of things you should understand as an Unreal Developer.

Game Instance

A class that acts as a manager for the game's global state and persistent data. You can create your own Game Instance by creating a new C++ class or Blueprint derived from GameInstance.

If you use Heathen's Toolkit for Steamworks you would already have similar but derived from SteamGameInstance.

Unlike other objects this object doesn't unload or reload, it is persistent at all times and can be "got" at all times using either Get Game Instance or if your using Heathen's Toolkit for Steamworks ... Get Steam Game Instnace. this makes it a handy place for global events, error dialogs, system settings, session data that needs to persist over level loads, etc.

As this is a global, starts early and persists thing, its also handy for managing your games subsystems, player inventory for example.

  • Always available, part of the game client

  • Global State Management

  • Persistent Data

  • Subsystem Integration

  • C++ or Blueprint

Game Mode

As its name suggests the game defines the nature of a game mode i.e. capture the flag, king of the hill, etc. Every level defines the Game Mode applicable to it and its the Game Mode that is responsible for enforcing the enforcing game rules, selecting player spawning, defines the default classes used for things like the player controller.

See your World Settings in your level to set the current mode and its defaults

The Game Mode is the "authority" of the rules the game is running under at the moment and as such is only available on the server. If you a single-player game then your client is also a server, if you're a P2P host e.g. running as a Listen Server ... then you're a server ... but in a traditional Dedicated Server multiplayer game no client will have any access to Game Mode at all.

  • Only available on the server

  • Defines Default Classes for controllers, pawns etc.

  • Handles player spawning rules

  • Manages Game State

  • Handles Level Transition

  • C++ or Blueprint

Game State

The current state of the game, differs from Game Mode in that this is replicated to all clients. Its generally used to carry info relevant to all clients for example a score, status, etc. as well as providing reference to active Player States.

  • Always available, but is owned (authority) by the server

  • Replicates (syncs) data from the server for the game

  • Used to manage server data that all clients should see (score, timers, status, etc)

  • Access Player State

Player State

Stores and replicates data regarding a specific player, this can be thought of as a child or member of the Game State and is owned (authority) by the server as the Game State is. Its generally used to track player-specific data that is replicated to all other users e.g. health, score, name, etc.

Do not confuse Player State with Player Controller

  • Always available (while this player is), but is owned (authority) by the server

  • Replicates (syncs) data from the server for this player

  • Used to manage player data that all clients should see (score, name, health, etc.)

  • Used by Game Mode to manage player-specific rules and states

HUD

The Game Mode defines a HUD which is a class used to define the "heads-up display" e.g. the UI. In current versions of Unreal its a bit more common to leverage User Widgets for this purpose which we often drive from else where such as using the Common User Widget system to stack widgets driven on player input e.g. often driven from the Player Controller.

Pawn & Controller

Pawn

A type of Actor that can be possessed and thus controlled by a player or AI via the Controller. Pawns are the in-game world representations of players and NPCs.

  • Can move around

  • Can be "possessed" by a Controller

  • For human players this is where we would generally apply the camera and its logic

Controller

This object exists to control a pawn and has two main types

  • Player Controller This is used for human players and mostly handles the translation of human input into actions to be performed ... this is the main "interface" for a human into he game world

  • AI Controller This is used for ... well everything else ... it's the same thing but AI-driven usually via AI Behaviours

Default Pawn Class

An attribute set on the Game Mode via the World Settings defines the pawn class that will be spawned for each player. The Default Player Controller will "possess" the pawns spawned for players and is also defined on the Game Mode via the World Settings.

Default Player Controller

An attribute set on the Game Mode via the World Settings defines the controller class that will be spawned for each player and will possess the related pawn.

AI

Unreal has a robust flexible and very powerful toolset for AI. As you learned in the Pawn & Controller section characters are generally defined as Pawns and can be possessed by a Controller. AI Controllers are controllers the AI system drives. While you have many options for setting these up the Behaviour Tree and Blackboard coupled with NavMesh and the Environment Query System is the default "Unreal Way" to go about it.

See the following sections for more details on each

Behaviour Tree

This is not a Finite State Machine, do not treat it like one you will have a bad time if you do

Behaviour Trees are simple yet flexible, I strongly sugest you read up on the theory for them as this will help you build simpler, more performant and yet far more effective trees than simply assuming they are similar to other AI node graph editors

The link above is of particular use.

Structurally trees are composed of a few key objects

  • Root Node The is simply the start of the tree

  • Composite Nodes These control the flow of the tree and come in 2 main forms

    • Selector This will run from left to right and will stop when one of the nodes succeeds

    • Sequence This will run left to right stopping when one fails

  • Decorator Nodes These can define conditions for the nodes to run such as has a target or not

  • Task Nodes These are the actions or behaviours that will be done

  • Service Nodes These run in the background on a tick and are generally used for a continuous check or simple looping process

Blackboard

This is a data structure used in conjunction with Behaviour Trees and provides a structured way to store data that can be used between nodes and easily accessed by decorators.

  • Standard data storage for a tree

  • Members are easily accessible from Nodes

  • Useful for decorators and services

NavMesh

Unreal's Navigation Mesh, fairly common feature of most engines in Unreal's case it has a lot of very useful built-in features including modifiers for shaping the mesh optionally at run time. Filters to help govern how various AI may path across the mesh and well integrated with other features in the AI toolchain.

Modifiers and Filters are key concepts when working with Unreal Nav Mesh. Modifiers do just that, cut holes in the mesh or change its state. Filters adjust how queries on the mesh happen and generally are used to increase or decrease the weight of navigating through a given area.

For example, you can use filters to define roads, rough areas, etc. and thus the AI will be able to walk anywhere but will prefer to walk on the road and around the rough area.

  • Easily create an area for navigation

  • Modifiers help sculpt the mesh to suit your needs and can be dynamic or static

  • Filters help weight the mesh for more fine-tuned pathing

Environment Query

This is a system that helps your AI make "smarter" decisions. It lets you check an area and assign weights and values to desired positions based on rules you define. These can be used to help your AI choose cover in a firefight, or duck around a corner to break line of sight or choose more favourable areas to set up for an attack.

The system is easily configured and very flexible so a deeper dive is needed to really get a grip but the following are some key points to be aware of

  • Query Template Defines the criteria and conditions for the query, composed of one or more test conditions such as distance, visibility, etc.

  • Query Instance A specific instance of a query, this is a parameterized expression of a template

  • Generator The volume to query, basically a shape such as box, sphere or even a whole Nav Filter

  • Score The result of a query is basically a set or grid of options and each of the options or nodes within it are scored via an evaluation based on the conditions of the query template

  • Context can consider character state and objectives or be used for environmental changes

Input Action

Unreal's input system is similar to those seen in other engines and even to Steam's Input. The basic idea is you describe "actions" that your game has and can then define a context for these actions and the related mapping of the actions to inputs such as mouse, keyboard, touch or controller.

You can think of these as "events" that will be called/invoked when the mapping happens e.g. is true.

Input Mapping Context

A mapping context defines the actions that are available when this context is active, the easiest way to think of this is as a group of actions that can be made available or disabled together as a "context".

Put more simply you "Add" or "Remove" a context from being active and thus enable or disable the events related to it from triggering.

A good example of this would be to have a context for walking, swimming, flying and driving. You can then adjust which is active based on what is happening in the game world and thus modify what events are raised and how and each of these mapping contexts defines its own mapping e.g. the player could be allowed to map different inputs to the same action depending on the mapping.

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